Abstract Thiazolidinedione, often shortened to TZD or glitazone, helps lower insulin resistance, which is the underlying problem for many people with type 2 diabetes. The two most known glitazones are pioglitazone (PGZ), with the brand name medicine Actos®, and rosiglitazone (RSG), which is Avandia®. This study presented a multivariate optimization in the microextraction procedure employing Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) combined with Desirability Function (DF) to determine TZD and metabolites in biological samples. Microextraction requires several parameters to be optimized; however, most of them still use univariate optimization. Finding optimum conditions by simple response is relatively simple, but the problems, in case of microextractions, are often more complex when it has more responses. For example, changing one factor that promotes one response may suppress the effect of the others. Thus, this multivariate optimization was applied for two bioanalytical methods for determination of TZD and metabolites, one by HPLC and other by CE, both using Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction (HF-LPME). The results establish the optimal values and elucidate how the factors that affect HF-LPME procedure perform in extraction efficiency for TZDs. Additionally, this study demonstrates that DF can be an important tool to optimize microextraction procedures.

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre monitoramento ambiental de áreas limpas (classes A, B, C e D). Os parâmetros comparados foram partículas não-viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm e de viáveis em UFC (unidades formadoras de colônias), do ambiente e de superfícies (Rodac®). As amostragens nas áreas limpas foram feitas em situações de repouso e dinâmica, antes e após sanitização, e em etapas de certificação e rotina. Os dados de literatura indicam que os parâmetros não são particularmente dependentes do lay out ou classificação das áreas, mas sim do seu uso e do comportamento dos operadores. As conclusões foram positivas quanto à correlação entre diferentes locais de amostragem, para partículas não viáveis de 0,5 e 5,0 µm, caracterizando-se, porém, ausência deste tipo de correlação nas posições em fluxo laminar. Também, os valores de correlação foram quase sempre decrescentes com a maior limpeza do ambiente. Os microrganismos mais freqüentemente isolados nas áreas B, C e D foram Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp e Corynebacteriumsp.

This paper presents a study about environmental monitoring data for cleanrooms ( A, B, C and D classified areas). The parameters that were compared are: total airborne particles of 0.5 and 5.0 µm, airborne colony forming units (CFU's) and CFU's on surfaces (Rodac®). In these areas sampling was performed "at rest" and "dynamic" conditions, before and after sanitization and during certification and routine basis. Available data in literature indicates that the parameters are not particularly dependent upon the lay out or classification of areas, but rather on the use of the areas, and the operators behaviour. Evaluating the data, the conclusion was about a correlation among different sampling places, for total airborne particles of 0.5 and 5.0 µm, and absence of this kind of correlation in laminar flows positions. Also, correlation values were always increasing with the cleanless of the environment. The microrganisms most frequently isolated in areas B, C and D were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Corynebacterium sp.